What condition presents with hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytic anemia?

The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytic anemia is indicative of megaloblastic anemia. This condition arises primarily due to deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, as both are essential for DNA synthesis and cellular replication. When these nutrients are lacking, it leads to ineffective erythropoiesis and delays in the maturation of red blood cells, resulting in larger than normal red blood cells, known as macrocytes.

Hypersegmented neutrophils are a classic laboratory finding in megaloblastic anemia and are defined as neutrophils with five or more nuclear lobes. These abnormal neutrophils occur due to the impaired DNA synthesis that affects all rapidly dividing cells, including those in the bone marrow responsible for producing blood cells.

While vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency are specific types of megaloblastic anemia, the term "megaloblastic anemia" encompasses both conditions collectively. Therefore, identifying the condition as megaloblastic anemia is the most accurate and encompassing answer for the question presented.