What is a common symptom of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A common symptom of primary hyperparathyroidism is recurrent nephrolithiasis, which is the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones. In primary hyperparathyroidism, there is an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to hyperplasia or adenoma of the parathyroid glands. Elevated PTH levels lead to increased calcium reabsorption from the kidneys and enhanced release of calcium from bones, resulting in hypercalcemia.

The increased concentration of calcium in the blood can lead to its precipitation in the kidneys, forming stones. Therefore, individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism may often experience episodes of kidney stones, along with other classic symptoms (sometimes referred to as the "stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones") related to elevated calcium levels.

This connection between high calcium levels and nephrolithiasis is why recurrent kidney stones are a hallmark symptom associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.