Which condition is commonly associated with acute renal failure due to muscle necrosis and rhabdomyolysis?

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is commonly associated with acute renal failure that occurs due to muscle necrosis and rhabdomyolysis. This condition is characterized by the release of myoglobin from damaged muscle tissue into the bloodstream. When myoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, it can cause obstruction of renal tubules and directly damage tubular epithelial cells, leading to a decline in renal function and subsequent renal failure.

In cases of rhabdomyolysis, the significant amounts of myoglobin can result in a high risk for ATN, especially in situations involving severe muscle injury, prolonged immobility, or extreme physical exertion. The presence of myoglobin casts in urine is a classic sign that helps in diagnosing ATN resulting from rhabdomyolysis.

When considering the other conditions listed, while systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy can affect renal function, they are not directly linked to acute renal failure caused by the acute muscle damage seen in rhabdomyolysis. Instead, they represent chronic or autoimmune processes that may lead to gradual kidney dysfunction over time rather than acute injury from muscle necrosis.